Colorless topaz is plentiful, and is often treated to give it a blue color. It is measured as the ratio of the density of the gemstone to the density of water, and is expressed as a number that indicates how much heavier the gemstone is compared to an equal volume of water. CompoundAvg. Topaz is a silicate mineral made containing fluorine and aluminum. . But the range is quite wide -- from 8 for cinnabar to 1 for amber. in size, were exceptionally dark, fine-quality blue topaz. Quartz has a Specific Gravity of 2.65 and the Refractive Index of 1.540 to 1.550, whereas topaz has a Specific Gravity of 3,54 and a higher Refractive Index of 1.620 to 1.630. Minerals with a specific gravity under 2 are considered light, between 2 and 4.5 average, and greater than 4.5 heavy. The specific gravity may slightly vary within a mineral because . Topaz 9: Corundum 10: Diamond. Topaz is 8. Lab-created cubic zirconia (CZ) can be used to imitate the appearance of many gemstones. FORMATION: Topaz is a fairly common and inexpensive gemstone. This is most likely a ____. Similarly, glass stones are much lighter than . Listing of SG of gems and gem simulants. Topaz is a silicate of aluminum with the presence of fluorine as well. For gems the specific gravity reference substance is water. Specific gravity of Topaz =3.55 g/cm 3: Photoelectric: PE Topaz = 1.53 barns/electron U= PE Topaz x Electron density= 5.36 barns/cm 3: Fermion index: Fermion index = 0.0074 Boson index = 0.9925 . . If a mineral has a specific gravity of 2.7, it is 2.7 times heavier than water. REFRACTIVE INDEX: 1.610-1.630. This Topaz gemstone guide lists qualities of the Topaz gem type, including stone colors, common names, meanings, gemstone hardness and more. Specific gravity 3.49 - 3.57. Physical Properties of Topaz; Toughness. There are subtle variations to this list. (3.53) while fluorine raises the specific gravity of topaz (3.56). The beautiful Yellow Topaz is a clear and light-yellow colored gemstone. This is surprisingly high for a mineral composed of aluminum, silicon, and gaseous elements. Optical properties Biaxial. EXAMINATION The two stones, 8 cts. It was named after Topasos Island in the Red Sea where it was first discovered. Specific gravity: 3.53; Mohs Hardness: 8 Treatments. Copal1.06 Amber1.08 Bakelite1.26 Jet1.30 -1.35 Cleavage cracks, Two-phase inclusions, swirls associated with parallel cleavage. Also, if the volume of a given stone can be determined, its topaz weight can be established and tested on a critical scale. It is one of the hardest gemstones with a hardness of 8.0 on the Mohs scale of hardness. Specific gravities are expressed in decimal numbers, for example, 4.00 for corundum, 3.52 for diamond , and 2.72 for quartz. It is one of the hardest naturally occurring minerals (Mohs hardness of 8) and is the hardest of any silicate mineral. The density is expressed as a number which indicates how much heavier the gemstone is compared to an equal volume of water. . The diamond (with a specific gravity of 3.52,) will weigh 1 carat. You find a clear green gem with a specific gravity of about 4, and a dodecahedron-shaped crystal. Specific gravity of cement is 3.15.The specific gravity of cement is 3.15The specific gravity can be found . Specific gravity (specific weight) is the ratio of the density of a substance to the density of a reference substance. Diamond, at 3.50 to 3.53, falls approximately in the middle. Fair. Topaz that has undergone this treatment and been turned dark blue is sometimes used as a simulant for aquamarine. For example, some list a .25 carat diamond as measuring 4.1 mm. All of them: Color centers, absorption of specific light wavelengths, reflection of specific light wavelengths, and impurities. The specific gravity of topaz is the ratio of the density of topaz to that of a reference substance (Usually water). Topaz is a silicate mineral of aluminium and fluorine with the chemical formula Al2SiO4 (F,OH) 2. lower specific gravity, much lower degree of hardness, and by the entire absence of dichroism. Scientifically, specific gravity is defined . The specific gravity of all topaz shades is much heavier than the citrine (about 25% per volume) and this weight difference can be used to separate two stones of equal volume. HARDNESS: 8 on Mohs scale. Topaz crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, and its crystals are mostly prismatic terminated by pyramidal and other faces. Bulk Density (Electron Density)=3.51 gm/cc note: Specific Gravity of Topaz =3.55 gm/cc. By convention, the temperature of the water is 4 C and at standard atmosphere because the density of water is greatest under these conditions. Most gemstone varieties are 2 to 4 times denser than a equal volume of water. Specific gravity is a way to express the relative density of a gemstone. Specific gravity (also known as "relative density") is the ratio between the weight of a stone in air and the weight of an equal volume in water. Topaz is a silicate mineral of aluminium and fluorine with the chemical formula Al 2 Si O 4 (F,OH) 2. Topaz has a specific gravity that ranges between 3.4 and 3.6. Natural color topaz is known as precious topaz and imperial topaz, whereas . . Specific gravity is the number of times heavier a gemstone of any volume is than an equal volume of water; in other words, it is the ratio of the density of the gemstone to the density of water. Specific gravity: 3.49-3.57: . Topaz actually has an exceptionally wide color range that, besides brown, includes various tones and saturations of blue, green, yellow, orange, red, pink, and purple. Topaz sinks in all common heavy liquids while apatite, andalusite, danburite and tourmaline will float in methylene iodide (sg = 3.33). The point is not to take these figures too literally . Specific gravity : 3.49 - 3.57 Lustre : Vitreous Pleochroism : Distinct to strong (depending on body color) . Specific gravity is an important tool in gemstone identification that is useful for the gem buyer as well as the gemologist. What is the specific gravity of cement? The following table lists the specific gravity values for a variety of materials commonly found in gem and jewelry collections, as well as for some materials more rarely encountered. Zircon, one of the densest of all gemstones, may have a specific gravity as high as 4.73! The opal (specific gravity 2.15) will only weigh .61 carats. Therefore, the formula for Specific Gravity is: The gems listed in this utility are: Agate, Alexandrite, Almandite garnet, Amethyst, Andalusite, Aquamarine, Beryl . Gem- ological testing revealed a typical natural topaz: with two-phase inclusions typical of topaz, re- fractive index of 1.61- 1.62, birefringence about 0.009, biaxial-doubly refractive, specific gravity However, since topaz is typically less expensive than aquamarine, consumers should be wary of unscrupulous vendors who may try to . There are a number of processes used to alter . This information can be used to tell whether topaz will float (or sink) if dropped in water (Buoyancy). Topaz is often . (3.53) while fluorine raises the specific gravity of topaz (3.56). The specific gravity (SG) and optics of topaz vary by stone color. Stability. Specific gravity : 3.49 - 3.57 Lustre : Vitreous Pleochroism : Distinct to strong (depending on body color) . Common topaz in its natural state is colorless, though trace element impurities can make it pale blue or golden brown to yellow orange. Mohs scale hardness 8 . Most minerals with a metallic luster are heavy. It is used as a gemstone in jewelry and other adornments. Topaz (colorless) 3.56 Topaz (yellow) 3.53 . Diamond is 10. . Inclusions. Fermion Index: Fermion Index = 0.0074038512 Boson Index = 0.9925961488 : Photoelectric: PE . and 10 cts. Shop Natural Zircon Gemstones. It can be found in huge and flawless crystals, which can be faceted into giant gemstones. Quartz is 7. Topaz is a hard and durable gemstone, and will not dissolve in most chemical solvents. Water has a specific gravity of 1.0. blue topaz are shown in figure 1. . . Topaz sinks in all common heavy liquids while apatite, andalusite, danburite and tourmaline will float in methylene iodide (sg = 3.33). These are distinct gem species. Formula. Specific gravity is technically defined as the ratio obtained by dividing, the weight of a body by the weight of an equal volume of distilled water at a temperature of 4C. It has a specific gravity of 3.5 and a refractive index of 1.6. Feldspar is 6. Sapphire is 9. Topaz, both opaque and translucent, can be yellow, red or orange, blue, brown or even gray, the varieties are enormous. True topaz is correctly labeled and some are preceded by two words - Precious or Imperial. The 16 mineral gemstone groups listed below are highly prized for their beauty . Topaz is named from Greek "topazion" for a type of gemstone, probably after Sanskrit "tapas" - fire, alluding to the brilliance of gem-quality material. . 3.51. SPECIFIC GRAVITY: 2.64 - 2.65. Specific Gravity. Perhaps pink is the rarest version but it is this variety which gives you the chance to select purely on color, perhaps your favorite color. . (39.2 F.). the specific gravity of a topaz is 3.4 to 3.6. A sapphire (specific gravity 4,) will weigh 1.14 carats. The Specific Gravity of Gems function provides the specific gravity of various gems and minerals. Thus the specific gravity of gemstone is the ratio of its density to the density of water. Topaz is very hard, but it has a low tenacity, which means it chips and cleaves easily. General Topaz Information : Chemical Formula: Al2SiO4(F,OH)2 : Composition: Molecular Weight = 182.25 gm . - Precious Stones, Max Bauer, 1968, p 333. This high specific gravity causes it to be concentrated into placer deposits by stream currents.
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